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How well do you know Mongolia? Test your knowledge on the rich history, vibrant nomadic culture, and stunning natural landscapes of this vast East Asian nation.
Steppe Visitor 0–4 · Curious Explorer 5–8 · Nomadic Expert 9–10
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Ulaanbaatar translates directly to "Red Hero" in the Mongolian language. The city was renamed in 1924 in honor of the communist revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar. Before this, the settlement had several names, including Urga. Today, it is home to nearly half of Mongolia's entire population.
Photo: Zazaa Mongolia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Kublai Khan successfully conquered China and established the Yuan dynasty in 1271, becoming its first emperor. He famously moved the capital to Khanbaliq, which is modern-day Beijing. His brother Hulagu, meanwhile, went west to establish the Ilkhanate in Persia.
Photo: Araniko, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Airag is a traditional nomadic drink made by fermenting mare's milk, resulting in a bubbly, slightly sour beverage with a low alcohol content. It is rich in vitamins and is traditionally offered to guests as a sign of hospitality inside a ger.
Photo: A.Savin, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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The Gobi Desert is a vast, cold desert spanning southern Mongolia and northern China. It is famous for its dramatic dunes, rich fossil deposits—including the first discovered dinosaur eggs—and rare wildlife like the snow leopard and the wild Bactrian camel.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Naadam is Mongolia's most famous national festival, held annually in mid-summer. It showcases the "three manly games" of wrestling, horse racing, and archery, though women now participate in the latter two. Tsagaan Sar, on the other hand, is the traditional Lunar New Year celebration.
Photo: Chongkian, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Przewalski's horse, known locally as the takhi, is the only truly wild horse species remaining in the world today. Once completely extinct in the wild, successful reintroduction programs in Mongolian national parks like Khustai have helped their populations bounce back.
Photo: Claudia Feh, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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While known internationally by its Turkic name "yurt", Mongolians call this circular, wooden-framed tent a "ger". It is designed to be easily assembled and dismantled, perfectly suited for a nomadic lifestyle. The door of a ger always faces south to maximize sunlight and help track the time of day.
Photo: Myrzabek Ozubekov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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The tögrög has been the official currency of Mongolia since 1925, replacing the various foreign currencies and silver bars previously used. The banknotes feature portraits of historical figures like Genghis Khan and the revolutionary leader Damdin Sükhbaatar.
Photo: Chinneeb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Lake Khövsgöl is one of the oldest lakes in the world, containing incredibly pure, drinkable water. Often referred to as Mongolia's "Blue Pearl," it is geologically closely related to Russia's Lake Baikal, which lies just over 200 kilometers to the northeast.
Photo: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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The traditional Mongolian script was adapted from the Uyghur alphabet in the early 13th century on the orders of Genghis Khan. It is unique for being one of the very few vertical scripts written from left to right. Today, Mongolia is working to fully restore its official use alongside Cyrillic.
Photo: Injinash Banchinval, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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