Photo: Vyacheslav Argenberg, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0.Test your knowledge of Syria's rich history, beautiful landmarks, delicious food and ancient culture in this quick quiz.
Friendly Visitor 0–4 · Curious Explorer 5–8 · Heart of the Souk 9–10
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The Damask rose is legendary for its intense, sweet scent and is the primary source of rosewater and rose oil used in perfumes. It has been cultivated in the valleys around Damascus for centuries.
Photo: Mostafameraji, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Latakia is Syria's chief port city, boasting a rich history that dates back to the ancient Phoenicians. It serves as a major economic hub and is famous for its nearby sandy beaches and pine-forested mountains.
Photo: Michael Goodine, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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Queen Zenobia led a famous revolt against the Roman Empire in 270 AD, successfully conquering Egypt and large parts of Anatolia before being defeated. Her capital, Palmyra, remains one of Syria's most iconic archaeological sites.

Photo: CNG, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5.
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Crac des Chevaliers is a spectacular hilltop fortress built by the Hospitaller Order during the Crusades. Its massive stone concentric walls and defensive towers are a masterpiece of medieval military architecture.
Photo: Gianfranco Gazzetti, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Al-Madina Souq in Aleppo is an ancient, sprawling covered market system stretching for several kilometers. It served as a major trading hub for silk, spices, and local goods arriving from the Silk Road.
Photo: Preacher lad, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Traditional Syrian ice cream, or booza, gets its famous elastic texture from mastic, a tree resin, and sahlab, which is ground orchid tuber. It is traditionally pounded with large wooden mallets in the historic souks of Damascus.
Photo: E4024, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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The Orontes River, known in Arabic as Al-Asi (meaning the rebel), is famous for its unusual northward flow, contrary to most other rivers in the region. It originates in Lebanon, passes through Syria, and empties into the Mediterranean.
Photo: Bernard Gagnon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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In 2002, researchers discovered a tiny, isolated breeding colony of the northern bald ibis near Palmyra. This rare bird had been thought to be gone from the Middle East. Sadly, the colony kept shrinking, and since the mid-2010s no wild birds have returned there.

Photo: Len Worthington, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
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Philip the Arab was born in Shahba, about 90 kilometres south-east of Damascus, which in his day lay in the Roman province of Arabia. As emperor he renamed his home town Philippopolis, and in 248 AD he threw huge festivals and games for Rome's 1000th birthday.
Photo: Sergey Sosnovskiy from Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
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The Umayyad Mosque contains a shrine traditionally believed to hold the head of John the Baptist. This spectacular monument was built on the site of a Christian basilica dedicated to the saint.
Photo: Bernard Gagnon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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