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Giant tortoises, swimming lizards and penguins on the equator. Ten questions about the islands that helped explain how life changes over time.
Curious castaway 0–4 · Nature explorer 5–8 · Darwin's apprentice 9–10
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The islands are a province of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean. Almost the whole archipelago is a national park.
Photo: Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Every island is the top of a volcano rising from the sea floor. Some are still active: on the western islands, eruptions happen every few years.
Photo: Balon Greyjoy, Wikimedia Commons, CC0.
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The Galápagos penguin keeps cool thanks to cold ocean currents. It is the only penguin that lives this far north in the wild.
Photo: Charles J. Sharp, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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A galápago is an old Spanish word for a tortoise. The first visitors were amazed by the giant tortoises, some of which weigh more than 200 kilos.
Photo: Mfield , Matthew Field, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Charles Darwin spent five weeks on the islands during his voyage on the Beagle. What he saw there helped him form his ideas. Wallace came up with similar ideas, but he worked in South-East Asia.
Photo: Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg : Henry Maull (1829–1914) and John Fox (1832–1907) (Ma, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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The males strut and wave their bright blue feet in a little dance. The bluer the feet, the healthier the bird, and the females notice.
Photo: Benjamint444, Wikimedia Commons, GFDL 1.2.
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Marine iguanas dive into the cold sea to graze on seaweed. Afterwards they sneeze out the extra salt and warm up on the black rocks.
Photo: RAF-YYC from Calgary, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
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George was the last known tortoise from Pinta Island. He became a symbol of nature protection, and today you can see him preserved in a museum on the islands.
Photo: Mike Weston, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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Some finches have thick beaks for cracking seeds, others thin ones for catching insects. Each beak fits the food on its island.
Photo: John Gould (14.Sep.1804 - 3.Feb.1881), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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The islands lie about 900 kilometres west of Ecuador. That distance is why so many animals there exist nowhere else.
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