Photo: Joachim Huber from Switzerland, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.Test your knowledge on Botswana! Explore its rich wildlife, unique history, vibrant culture, and famous natural landmarks.
First-Time Visitor 0β4 Β· Savanna Explorer 5β8 Β· True Kalahari Insider 9β10
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The Kalahari Desert is a massive, sand-covered savanna that spans across Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Despite being called a desert, it receives too much rainfall to be classified as a true desert, supporting a surprising variety of hardy plants, acacia trees, and specialized wildlife.
Photo: Emilfarb at English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Two zebras hold up the shield on Botswana's coat of arms, representing the country's rich wildlife and the neutral, democratic nature of its people. The zebra's black and white stripes also inspired the colors of the national flag, symbolizing racial harmony and cooperation.
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Chobe National Park is home to an estimated 50,000 Kalahari elephants, making it one of the densest elephant populations in the world. Established in 1967, it was Botswana's very first national park. Visitors can observe these gentle giants swimming across the Chobe River during boat safaris.
Photo: Gorgo, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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In the semi-arid climate of Botswana, water is incredibly precious, which is why the national currency is named 'Pula'βthe Setswana word for rain. It is also used as a traditional greeting and blessing. The currency is divided into 100 'thebe', which translates to 'shields'.
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Seswaa is a beloved national dish made by slow-boiling beef, goat, or lamb with just water and salt until it is extremely tender. The meat is then shredded or pounded using a large wooden mortar and pestle. It is traditionally served at weddings, funerals, and other major celebrations.

Photo: Kalanga, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Most of Botswana's diamonds are of gem quality, which makes the country the world's leading diamond producer by value. Its Jwaneng mine is nicknamed 'the Prince of Mines' and is said to be the richest diamond mine on Earth; Jwaneng means 'a place of gems' in Setswana.
Photo: Cretep, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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The Makgadikgadi Pan is one of the largest salt flat complexes on Earth, covering over 16,000 square kilometers. It is the remnant of the ancient Lake Makgadikgadi, which dried up thousands of years ago. During the rainy season, it transforms into a vital wetland that attracts thousands of flamingos.
Photo: Diego Delso, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Rising dramatically from the flat Kalahari desert, the Tsodilo Hills contain over 4,500 individual rock paintings, earning them the nickname 'Louvre of the Desert'. Local San communities hold these hills sacred, believing they are the home of ancestral spirits and the site of creation.

Photo: cj Huo, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 1.0.
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Before Botswana gained independence, its administrative headquarters were located in Mafikeng (then Mafeking), which was actually situated outside its borders in South Africa. This made it one of the very few territories in the world administered from an external capital before Gaborone was built.
Photo: South African Tourism from South Africa, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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The Okavango River originates in the highlands of Angola, where it is known as the Cubango. Instead of flowing to the ocean, it empties into the Kalahari Basin, creating a lush oasis that supports incredibly diverse wildlife. This unique inland delta is one of the seven natural wonders of Africa.
Photo: Zairon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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