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Test je kennis over Jeanne d'Arc, de jonge boerendochter die de loop van de Honderdjarige Oorlog veranderde en uitgroeide tot een wereldwijd icoon van moed.
Nieuwsgierige Reiziger 0–4 · Toegewijde Historicus 5–8 · Ridder van het Rijk 9–9
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The Siege of Orléans was Joan's first major military victory and her most famous achievement. The city had been under siege by the English for months, but Joan and her forces managed to lift the siege in just nine days, earning her the legendary nickname "The Maid of Orléans."
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Joan's primary goal was to see the Dauphin Charles crowned as the rightful King of France. This coronation took place in July 1429 at Reims Cathedral, the traditional site for French coronations, which heavily boosted his legitimacy against English claims.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Joan was executed in the old marketplace of Rouen, which was then the headquarters of the English occupation in France. Today, a modern church and a tall cross mark the exact spot where she was executed at the age of nineteen.
Photo: Herbert Frank from Wien (Vienna), AT, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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Joan was born in Domrémy, a small village in northeastern France. During her lifetime, the village was loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by pro-Burgundian lands. Later, the village was renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle in her honor, exempting its residents from taxes for over three centuries.
Photo: Niederkasseler, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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While popular culture often states Joan was executed for witchcraft, her actual conviction by the ecclesiastical court was for heresy. Specifically, she was condemned as a relapsed heretic, largely triggered by her decision to resume wearing male clothing in prison.
Photo: Paul Delaroche, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Authorized by Pope Callixtus III, a rehabilitation trial was opened after the war ended. In 1456, exactly twenty-five years after her execution, the court declared her innocent and described the original trial as corrupt and full of errors.
Photo: Étienne Collaut (?), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Joan was captured outside the town of Compiègne while defending it against Burgundian forces. She was trapped outside the town gates after they were closed to prevent enemies from entering, leading to her capture and eventual sale to the English.
Photo: AnonymousUnknown author, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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John of Lancaster, the Duke of Bedford, was the English regent during the minority of King Henry VI. He managed the English war effort in France and pushed heavily for Joan's trial to undermine the legitimacy of Charles VII's coronation.
Photo: Bedford Master, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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Released in 1928, "The Passion of Joan of Arc" is widely considered one of the greatest films in cinema history. Renowned for its raw emotional power, the film relies heavily on extreme close-ups of actress Renée Jeanne Falconetti during the grueling trial scenes.
Photo: Unknown. Publisher: New York: Eloquent Press, N. Morgillo, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain.
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